“Is damp timber more susceptible to woodworm?”

Virtually all wood has the potential to be a home for woodworm and wood boring insects. Some ‘experts’ say the incidence is greater in centrally heated houses as it disturbs the woodworm’s natural seasonal rhythm, others offer conflicting advice that heating reduces the incidence! Richard Walker, National Development Manager of Peter Cox Property Services has his take on it is based on a lifetime of empirical evidence.

“We have an extensive databank of gathered statistics and the simple fact is woodworm can strike just about anywhere you bring a bit of infested wood into your home, whether it’s brought in with secondhand furniture or grazing in the old timbers supporting your roof.  The woodworm can even fly in through an open window or door and set up home for their young in your woodwork. Yes, damp timber is more prone to infestation, wherever the moisture content rises about the level to which it can start to rot, but that doesn’t mean dry wood is safe from attack.”

“In Britain, there are three main types of common woodworm these are: Common Furniture Beetle (Anobium punctatum) which leaves round holes around 2mm diameter. Deathwatch beetle (Xestobium Rufovillosum) which loves partially decayed hardwoods such as oak  and the Wood boring weevil, (Pentarthrum Huttoni) which only attacks decaying  timber and leaves behind ragged holes.  

“Contrary to many misconceptions, the holes the little ‘mites’ leave are not entrances but exits. When the eggs have hatched, the larvae continue to mature until, after about three years in the case of Furniture Beetle, they emerge from the wood to fly away and reproduce.  The interior and often unseen damage is mostly caused by these larvae which feast on the nutritious sugars and starch in the wood. 

“In a severe case of infestation, it’s often because the timber contains sap wood which is more susceptible and a good deal tastier for hungry larvae. The tell-tale sign that they’re in your wood is the finely powdered microscopic sawdust called  ‘Frass’ that they create as they burrow and chew up your furniture, floorboards, roof trusses or window frames.

“Deathwatch and Wood Boring Weevils prefer damp timber that’s partially decayed and prone to fungal attack.  The infestations are often found to beam ends or wall plates where the timber has become wet due to defects in the roof coverings or gutters allowing Dry Rot or Wet Rot to occur.

“In modern homes, the incidence of woodworm is much reduced by using reconstituted wood products such as plywood chipboard, MDF and hardboard which have the ‘tasty’ sugars and starches removed during the boards’ manufacture.  But in older properties where a levelling layer of plywood has been laid over old floorboards, woodworm can still penetrate through the plywood or hardboard overlay. It won’t live in the ply or hardboard but it will eat its way out through there, leaving the same tiny holes.

So what do you do if you find the signs of woodworm infestation?

Says Richard, “A thorough survey is a must to find and identify the type of woodworm. At Peter Cox Property Services, we will explore from the top of the roof void and timbers right down to the floorboards and subfloor of the Ground Floor if necessary, looking for the flight hole emergence points and the fine frass which is the wood dust left by the boring larvae as they munch away below the surface of the wood, forcing the dust out through holes made by previous exiting worms or beetles. Occasionally, the dust may appear even when larvae are no longer present but that can be due to simple vibration. It’s our job to know the difference and not to suggest unnecessary treatments as much as to recommend the right treatment.

“If the woodworm has taken hold in a roof, our surveyors are trained to look for evidence of bats roosting and report to English Nature who advise on when we may proceed with our treatments – usually after the bats have left for the season. On occasion, the bats have to be carefully re-housed to let us treat and then returned safely afterwards. It’s really important as bats are a protected species. As a responsible contractor, knowing how to handle the presence of bats is vital. Needless to say, we use only bat friendly treatments anyway.

“Apart from the roof, we will survey your entire house, turning back carpets to inspect flooring and checking all the home’s joinery for evidence of woodworm activity. Particularly susceptible areas are wherever water is spilled regularly, such as in the floor surrounding the bath, wash basin and lavatory. At the risk of being indelicate, urine contains just the sugars that woodworm larvae love!

“Once we’ve established all the areas to treat, we sweep down the timbers and treat with our specialist form of the insecticide Permetherin. This has a ‘detergent’ added to help the oily ingredient disperse in water so it will better soak into the wood and go on to provide a protective veneer against future infestation.

“Generally speaking, it doesn’t have to be a big or disruptive procedure. The biggest upheaval is in accessing floor timbers by lifting any carpets, vinyl or floor coverings. It takes one of our specialist teams around two days on average to treat an entire house, top to bottom.

“The treatment we use is a water based micro emulsion – the most specialised and effective solution you can get from any professional contractor. It’s approved by the Health and Safety Executive, and we have a “one-hour re-entry approval” and certification which simply means you can continue living in your home just an hour after treatment has dried. That’s important news for homeowners and landlords in that they don’t have to move out or re-house their tenants while our work is completed.  The treatment is completely odour free.

“On average, a 3-bedroomed semi will cost around £1500 for a full whole house treatment, and like all our work, comes with a full guarantee. Peter Cox also works in association with Barclays Partner Finance and together we provide the  one of the lowest APRs to make it even easier to send woodworm packing back to the forest without boring a hole in your home and your household budget!”

“Peter Cox have treated properties from the magnificent Lincoln Cathedral to tiny two-up, two-downs. Big or small, the skill is to treat quickly, especially if you notice the ‘tell-tale’ woodworm holes. Catch it quickly by calling in the experts and you can save yourself a fortune in remedial works. One final word, don’t ever be pressured into carrying out work that isn’t strictly necessary. You’ll be amazed how much money you can save by using a trusted specialist like Peter Cox who will happily provide exactly what you do need - and not try to sell you what you don’t.”

To discuss your property or to arrange a survey, please get in touch with your nearest office of Peter Cox Property Services here http://www.petercox.com/regions.php or you can also call 0800 789 500 to talk to the experts and we’ll send a surveyor with local knowledge of your area. 

Wood borer beetle (Ptilinus pectinicornis)

The Wood Borer Beetle (Ptilinus pectinicornis) is a small ‘woodworm’ beetle of the family Anobiidae, and is closely related to the Common Furniture Beetle. It produces holes that are similar in size, 1~2mm, with a talc-like pink or cream bore dust or ‘frass’ that is quite difficult to dislodge from the timber. The bore holes are numerous and close together.

Adult Ptilinus pectinicornis beetles are up to 3.5-5.5mm length. They are distinctive due to the highly developed antennae; eyes much larger in the male. The beetles have black or brown heads with a lighter body.  

Species attacked include hardwoods like beech, elm and willow.   Unusually, in addition to normal tunneling damage by the larvae, the adult female beetle actually bores into the wood. It is stated that the female, having excavated a brood chamber in wood and laid eggs, remains in the chamber to protect the brood.   Damage often originates in timber yards and the  'infestations' are not uncommon in air-drying timber intended for furniture manufacture.  A dramatic picture can be found here.

Woodworm Treatment

In this case the infestation may be remedied by insecticidal treatment, although in some cases it may be cost-effective to replace the damaged timbers. Consult a woodworm specialist to diagnose the type of woodworm infestation and the appropriate treatment. Peter Cox Ltd will send an experienced surveyor to visit your property. They will describe the potential woodworm treatment costs and alternatives. Please contact us by completing our woodworm enquiry form or by telephoning us on 0800 030 4701.

References:

THE MORPHOLOGY OF THE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM OF PTILINUS PECTINICORNIS L. WITH A NOTE ON THE TERMINALIA OF THE PUPAL ABDOMEN (COLEOPTERA: ANOBIIDAE) P C Gardiner 2009

BRE307 Identifying damage by wood-boring insects

Wharf borer beetle (Nacerdes melanura)

Wharf Borer Beetle (nacerdes melanura) is a small wood boring beetle of the family Oedemeridae (which are also known as ‘false blister beetles’). It is destructive to piling and wood under wharves, wet flooring, wet boxes, wood lying on damp ground, buildings near the water, and sometimes telegraph poles. The timber is always damp and decayed when the wharf borer infestation occurs, but large numbers of the adult beetles can emerge from the wood, causing problems to operations and building projects.

As the name suggests they are often found in wharf timbers or other timbers that are submerged in water. In a property you will usually find them in cellars and very damp subfloors. It attacks both softwoods and hardwoods. Species attacked included oak, poplar, and pine.  These 'infestations' are not uncommon in coastal and riverside locations.

Wharf Borer Beetle

Wharf Borer Characteristics

Adult wharf borer beetles are up to 12mm in length. The beetles are pale reddish-brown with distinctive black tip to wing covers, detected on or around damaged timber in May and June. You will notice large, oval emergence holes, about 6 mm across, leading to irregular galleries.

The beetles are known to invade adjacent buildings in great numbers causing a nuisance. The larvae are up to 30 mm long and are slim and greyish-white. The larvae can be found all year round, on or in damaged timber.

As and example, the International Institute for Conservation of Historic and Artistic Works reports that 2% of stored waterlogged timbers from the centuries-old Mary Rose ship were infested by larvae of the wharf-borer beetle, and that it had penetrated polyethylene sheet used to wrap timbers.

Woodworm Treatment

If possible, the important issue is to correct the dampness and water ingress. The effected timbers are likely to be of poor quality through dampness and rot and should be replaced.

Consult a woodworm specialist to diagnose the type of woodworm infestation and the appropriate treatment. Peter Cox Ltd will send an experienced surveyor to visit your property. They will describe the potential woodworm treatment costs and alternatives. Please contact us by completing our woodworm enquiry form or by telephone us on 0845 222 0404.

Woodworm Treatment

Woodworm is the name for a group of insects that bore holes in wood. In fact the insects lay their eggs in the wood or in the grain. The larvae bore tunnels in the timber, feeding on the cellulose, the result can weaken the timber structure. When the adult beetles emerge from the wood, they leave visible holes and bore dust (called ‘frass’). The adults are especially active in springtime.

House Long Horn Beetle Damage

Different beetles attack different types of wood, for instance some attack soft wood and some attack hard wood, so some species may be more damaging for structures. Also some beetles may be more common if different geographic areas.

Beetle damage on truss

Woodworm Survey

Obviously it is important to be sure about the nature of the woodworm infestation, and how damaging it has been or will be. A professional survey will tell you which type of beetle is causing the problems, and how harmful it is. In many properties the surveyor may need to lift the floorboards and/or enter the roof space, and he or she may lift the roof insulation if necessary to examine the timbers. The professional surveyor will evaluate the treatment to be used, prevention measures to be taken, and the cost, which will depend upon:

• The nature of the woodworm beetle that is active.
• How serious the infestation is.
• Whether there are structural risks.
• Whether timber needs to be repaired or replaced.
• How big an area is to be treated.
• If timber replacements are required.
• Whether it is easy to gain access to the infested areas.

Here’s where to book a woodworm survey.

Woodworm Treatment

Peter Cox technicians use the latest insecticidal formulations that eliminate the woodworm insects on contact as they pass through the spray treated timber. Deep seated Death Watch Beetle infestations, in large section structural hardwoods for instance, require a more targeted treatment and here a deeply penetrating insecticidal gel is employed. 

The standard treatment contains permethrin which is a widely used, relatively low toxicity insecticide. After one hour people can re-enter the space that has been treated. Boron is an alternative treatment, also water-based, low-odour and non-flammable. The chemicals are usually applied as a spray. However, brush, injection, gel or paste formulations are also used. The formulations are licensed by the UK Health & Safety Executive, and are safe for people and pets.

Also if dust and debris are covering the area, this will need to be removed before treatment can take place. If there is a risk to the structure, timbers that are seriously infested with woodworm may need to be cut out and replaced with new healthy timber, or else restored using resin repair methods.

For more information please visit http://www.petercox.com/

Now is the time to be vigilant for Woodworm beetles!

The traditional season for woodworm beetles to fly is in spring, roughly from March to May, when the adult beetle emerges to find a mate. So now is an important time when you might see signs of woodworm in your property, and also the time when the infestation may spread.

You may see adult beetles emerging from their holes, or visible about the property. As they emerge, the beetles leave small round holes in your woodwork, varying in size depending on the species, House Longhorn Beetle Hylotrupes bajulu being the largest. The fine, powdery bore-dust or ‘frass’ is left around the holes.

See powdery bore-dust or 'frass' left around the holes on this wooden clock

Now is the season for the common furniture beetle Anobium punctatum, which is the most frequently found of all the wood-boring beetles. It is found in housing timbers, furniture and in wooden outbuildings.

The adult beetle lays eggs on end grain or in cracks and crevices in the wood. Hatching takes place within three to four weeks and a small white grub emerges which proceeds to burrow into the wood where it eats and grows for around three years.

Woodworm beetle eggs

House Longhorn Beetle in action

As spring approaches, the grub tunnels nearer to the surface of the wood. It creates a chamber, in which it can change into a pupa or chrysalis. Here it progressively mutates into a beetle which emerges onto the surface, leaving the bore holes and frass as described above.

Once this transformation is completed, the insect bites a round hole in the thin veneer of wood that covers the pupal chamber and comes crawling out on to the surface a small brown beetle. The beetle may mate and lay eggs on the piece of wood from which it emerged, or it may fly away to lay eggs on another piece of wood and so spread the infestation.

What if I see signs of woodworm?

Urgent action is needed in case the infestation is likely to spread and cause further damage. Common forms of woodworm, including where they can be found and the damage that they do, are described in our homeowner woodworm page include:

• Common Furniture Beetle 
• Powder Post Beetle 
• Wood Boring Weevil 
• Death Watch Beetle 
• House Longhorn Beetle 

A professional survey is needed to identify the woodworm infestation and locations and how urgent is the need for a solution. The surveyor will identify which species are causing the damage, and also whether the beetles are still active. Click this link to arrange a woodworm survey . Our surveyor will outline the severity of the woodworm infestation and will describe the potential woodworm treatment costs and alternatives. 

Woodworm treatment: common furniture beetle

Common furniture beetle is the most common form of woodworm. It attacks almost all wood types, though furniture and other wooden objects, like bannisters, panelling, floor boards or skirting boards are particularly at risk. Attacks are often associated with a dampness problem, with poor ventilation and associated high humidity. The beetle can also infest timbers in dry, well ventilated situations, such as suspended flooring and roofing timbers; although in these cases the attack may be less severe.

The latin name is Anobium punctatum.  Here are some pictures of the common furniture beetle http://bit.ly/rWJwTR, and a video of this woodworm beetle in action http://bit.ly/uchSsM.

Long-lasting infestation by common furniture beetles can lead to the complete destruction of furniture and timber objects. The beetle often lays its eggs in the same place in objects that are already infested. The larvae tunnel through the wood, and when they pupate into beetles they leave characteristic exit holes up to 2mm diameter. These holes, together with small piles of bore dust or ‘frass’ indicate that there is an active woodworm infestation.

Woodworm Treatment

Peter Cox technicians use the latest insecticidal formulations that eliminate the woodworm insects on contact as they pass through the spray treated timber. Here is a woodworm treatment case study where Insectacoat insecticidal formulation was mixed with a water-based varnish, paint or stain and applied by brush to give total surface coverage. So when the adult beetles bore their way to the surface and emerges, they are poisoned by the insecticide before they have chance to fly, mate and continue the infestation life cycle.

Professional help is essential for woodworm treatment. Peter Cox Ltd will send an experienced surveyor will visit your property. The surveyor will outline the severity of the woodworm infestation and how urgent is the need for a solution. He will describe the potential woodworm treatment costs and alternatives. A professional survey is needed to find the woodworm infestation areas. The surveyor may need to access roof voids, lift roof insulation and/or floorboards.

The surveyor will identify which species are causing the damage, and also whether the beetles are still active. You can arrange a woodworm survey by entering your details into the form on the right.

Peter Cox technicians use the latest insecticidal formulations that eliminate the woodworm insects on contact as they pass through the spray treated timber. Here is a woodworm treatment case study where Insectacoat insecticidal formulation was mixed with a water-based varnish, paint or stain and applied by brush to give total surface coverage. So when the adult beetles bore their way to the surface and emerges, they are poisoned by the insecticide before they have chance to fly, mate and continue the infestation life cycle.

Please contact Peter Cox Ltd by completing our woodworm enquiry form or telephone us on 0845 222 0404.